Years later, she would get serious about her clowning and delight children with her character, Aunty Giggles.

Bangura told Sunday Newsday she was born and raised in San Juan and is one of four children. While attending Newtown Girls’ RC School and Providence Girls’ Catholic School she was always the class clown.

“All about having people laughing and grinning in class rather than doing work.” When her mother would go to Parent Teacher Association meetings the teachers always reported that “Kayleen would prefer to have the class in stitches than doing (school)work.” Sometimes she would run into some of her former teachers, who are never surprised when they find out about her profession.

She graduated with three Ordinary Level passes and had to repeat some subjects at San Juan Government Secondary. She then attended the Stenotype College, a secretarial school, where she continued to be the class clown. “I really do like to see people laugh. The few seconds they forget their troubles of life is all worth it.” She said that she likes people to belly laugh and really enjoy the joke.

After she completed secretarial school she went on to work at various law firms and her bosses were confused as to why she was always laughing. “I could not fit in.” She worked in the insurance industry and then at a doctor’s office until she got married and became a stay-at-home mom to two boys, who she home-schools. Bangura thought about ways in which she could generate income and recalled seeing a number of people doing face painting and balloon twisting.

In December 2012, she purchased a Santa Claus suit from Amazon and played the character for events at the Tunapuna Presbyterian School and a number of preschools. She had difficulty speaking in a male voice so the character was silent. She recalled there was one boy who realised she was female and shouted “Is a lady!” She eventually added cotton candy and popcorn to her act. But with so many people doing this type of business she needed to do something to stay “ahead of the pack”. That was when she began incorporating a kids comedy magic show in her act.

A sign language interpreter for over two decades, she explained that she had a background of being creative and was always good with her hands so she was able to quickly pick up the tricks she saw on YouTube. She also learned balloon twisting from watching videos online. The balloon twisting evolved into a balloon show, where the balloons become characters in a story. Her stories for the show includes the nursery rhyme The Old Lady Who Swallowed the Fly and The Three Little Pigs.

“It is fun for the kids.” One of her specialities is her balloon candy cups – cups with treats topped with balloon decorations – which are an alternative to party bags.

Asked about the name Aunty Giggles, which she began using three years ago, Bangura recalled that her teachers used to ask her why she was always giggling and this inspired the name. She said sometimes even while out of costume going about her business children would recognise her and shout “Aunty Giggles!” She said the kids really get into her shows and some adults say they enjoy the show even more than the children. She performs at children’s parties, church events, baby showers and does balloon twisting for corporate events.

She really loves what she does and every time she puts on her costume she gets excited like it is the very first time.

As Aunty Giggles she would love to visit hospitals and perform for children for free as “they could do with a little laughter.” She also hopes to take her act regionally in the future.

“It’s a real joy. I wouldn’t trade this job for sitting down behind a desk.” On Facebook she can be found at Aunty Giggles Balloon Candy Cups ‘n’ Belly Buddies or contacted via telephone at 774-3377.

“I must say, sometimes, the men are better dressed at functions than the women now,” said Eastman.

“Fellas now, they learn the importance of a jacket and a blazer and a sweater and a cardigan and a bow tie and I mean, the fellas and them, they on top of things.” It is a welcome development, Eastman observes, who along with Khan, have been in the industry for four decades, inclusive of the life of the Zadd and Eastman brand of women’s fashion.

In 1981, Khan founded a retail outlet on the Point Fortin Main Road by the name of Le Fleur.

After earning a name for himself as a retailer, Khan developed the skills and confidence necessary to create his own fashion label with Eastman. The brand has burst its local seams and is internationally known and sought after.

“We have styled Destiny’s Child – we did a photo shoot with them in California,” Eastman said of the multiple Grammy award winning R&B group, which produced superstar Beyonce.

“We also supplied Nicki Minaj with clothes for different purposes when she came to Trinidad. And Dottie Peoples, the award winning gospel artiste.”

Trinidad-born Minaj has also one multiple awards as a top performing hip hop artiste.

Locally, the designers have dressed an impossible to list number of women, from Sharon Rowley, lawyer and wife of Prime Minister Dr Keith Rowley, to jazz singer Vaughnette Bigford. They’ve styled several Miss Trinidad and Tobago queens and won numerous awards at home and abroad.

The brand is focused on providing beautiful clothing to “sophisticated women who know and understand fashion” and, will continue to do so, Eastman assured.

But, the designer has taken note of how local men are grooming and styling themselves.

“Now, it is a gym thing, and the haircuts.

Before, when you would just going by a barber and scrape down your hair, but now you have styles: the high-cut, the beard, the Muslim thing, the male ponytail on the top, the buff-up shoulders, the slim shirt and sleek jeans. I mean, they are on par and sometimes even better dressed than the woman.” Despite the welcome change, Eastman, who also lectures on design concept in fashion design degree programme at the University of Trinidad and Tobago’s BA in Fashion Design, sees no need for the label to go into the men’s wear just yet.

However, he said the trend reflects a slowly unfurling consciousness about what new developments in the industry.

“Trinidad is having a conversation about a fashion industry. People have been saying that this is one of the alternative industries to oil and gas. To get there, we have asked for free zone spaces, training people, introducing sewing classes into the education system.” And government has responded to the calls for fashion to be taken seriously as a viable industry with FashionTT , a subsidiary of Creative TT .

“Stimulating and facilitating the business development and export activity of the fashion industry in Trinidad and Tobago to generate national wealth,” is the state enterprise’s mandate, according to Creative TT ’s website. The Ministry of Trade and Industry’s analysis of the creative industry last year identified 210 fashion companies, which employed over 1,465 persons and generated in excess of $266 million.

As such, Eastman believes there is potential for growth with proper planning and implementation, but the road ahead will be long.

“Trinidad people are generally very fashion trendy, we go with the new trends, but we are basically a new society.

London and these places have had 200 to 300 years of history to develop their own.” To get there, Eastman asked that people ponder three questions. “What is our taste? What are our standards? What is our aesthetic?” Even as he raises the debate on fashion on the national level, Eastman said the Zadd and Eastman label remains rooted in its Point Fortin hometown.

And they will be part of the borough’s annual celebrations this week, leading to its 37th anniversary date on May 6.

Women are sure to step out in a Zadd and Eastman signature style for the events.

“We have always supplied clothes for parties, like the newest all-inclusive Bedrock.” However, Zadd and Eastman is most popular in the community as queen-makers.

“Since the inception of the Miss Borough competition, we always placed first, second, third, over the years. We have not entered over the last few years, giving the other young people a chance, but that has been our major contribution to the borough

The action was at a peak as the children of soca/jamoo creator Ras Shorty I were performing in the concert, The Blackman Legacy.

At about 11 pm, owner Carl Jacobs told the MC the concert had to stop, an announcement which received a cold reaction from the audience as they were awaiting three of the top singers, Marge, Isaac and Nailah Blackman. The DJ played music while many patrons walked out of the cafe, while others stayed back wondering what was taking place. Outside, Jacobs was told by two police officers that his neighbours, Randy Ahing and Donna Sandring, complained about the noise level at the entertainment spot. Upon inspection, the officers felt the noise level was acceptable but as they were about to leave, Ahing and Sandring claimed Kaiso Blues Cafe was operating without a licence. Montano came outside and when he was told what had happened, went to speak with the complainants, and it turned out he knew Ahing. After a discussion, Ahing and Sandring agreed the show could continue but not as loud as before.

The show resumed with Marge, Isaac and Nailah’s performances to the delight of the patrons who stayed and the show ended with the Blackman clan singing Ras Shorty I’s iconic hit, Watch out my Children. Last year, a noise pollution complaint against Kaiso Blues Cafe ended in court. There was an agreement where live performances and music must be stop by 11 pm during the week and by 1 am on weekends, pending a final court decision.

Montano told Sunday Newsday he had been planning to visit Kaiso Blues Cafe for nearly a year and finally got a chance on Friday night. He was pleased to be help as he felt the music was “really happening”.

After the show, Montano suggested to Jacobs that he should find a new venue.

“It makes no sense to fight this, the time has come for you to move out and get somewhere new. You have out grown this space,” Montano said.

Always cruising behind leader Whisper Light, champion jockey Ronald “Tiger” Ali asked the Harriram “Pepsi” Gobin-trained for his effort 400 metres out and he simply scooted clear to win by a massive 11 1/4 lengths.

Champion sprinter Control Unit, despite having three kilo claimer Omar Mohammed up to lessen his 60 kilos burden, failed to make an impression in the race and finished fourth of five.

Both ali and Wilmer Galviz shared riding honours, landing two winners apiece.

But no trainer managed saddling more than one winner on the day’s eight-race programme.

The day saw its fair share of upsets, with the biggest being when Sling Shot won to reward backers with $16.70 and $5.05 on the tote, and Star Pharoah backers got $12.65 and $3.35 on their tote wagers.

Turfites had to wait for the final race to csh in on the Hi5 which paid a most handwome $5,215.40.

Sunday Newsday chatted with three of the directors of the non-profit organisation last week: Dion Boucaud, Lesley-Anne Macfarlane and Danielle Dieffenthaller.

The organisation’s fourth director, Mariel Brown, was absent.

Boucaud explained FILMCO arose from an exercise they had with a local television station that wanted to rebrand as “total local”.

He said they met with the station weekly to show how to provide profitable and sustainable programmes with local content. He recalled the station managers were amazed at how much foreign exchange they would be able to save.

However, in 2016 there was a change in the station’s leadership which cancelled the entire process.

Boucaud said, rather than cry and gnash their teeth, they decided to get together and “do it on our own”.

Boucaud explained the relationship between filmmakers and local stations is one-sided because stations charge for the content to be aired and the filmmakers also have to get their own advertising.

“It’s tiresome, it’s unsustainable, it’s hostile, it needs to change.” Boucaud said broadcasters seek cheap foreign programming and just sell commercials.

Macfarlane said one of the main goals of FILMCO, which was incorporated last week, is to aid in the creation of a sustainable system for local film and television and will do this through sustainable models, workshops and training. He said a main issue was that there was single body that could speak on behalf of filmmakers.As a result, they will bring filmmakers together as a group to approach broadcasters and Government. Boucaud said feedback on FILMCO has been positive since they launched their Facebook page in January.

“It is something that has been needed and wanted.” Boucaud said the film industry was booming at a point partly because of the TT Film Company (TTFC), for which he served as a consultant at one point. With the film company, he said decisions were immediate and the managers listened to industry players.

However, the film industry was at a “standstill”, after the previous administration implemented CreativeTT in 2013 and made film a subsidiary along with music and fashion. Boucaud said with this structure the new FilmTT has a board made up of filmmakers but they cannot make any decision without first going through the CreativeTT board. Therefore, decisions that took a week before now take a month.

“The whole film structure started to crumble.” He said the fruits of the TTFC can be seen in films such as Bazodee, The Cutlass and Play the Devil but now there is little momentum, noting many filmmakers lost their motivation and some left the country to find work elsewhere.

Now, FILMCO is creating a process where dialogue can take place and said they have engaged FilmTT which has been supportive.

Boucaud said to build the industry incentives are needed such as tax credits and duty free allowance on equipment.

Dieffenthaller governments do not understand the power they hold as creative people, adding there is a lot of lip service about supporting the film industry.

Macfarlane also observed students graduating from the film programme at the University of the West Indies find there is “nothing for them”, and older filmmakers cannot help them as they are struggling themselves.

“We all struggling,” Dieffenthaller added. Boucaud said government should remain involved in a national television station to “preserve our culture, (our) moral values, tell our stories, (and) educate the population on why they need to invest in the country.” Dieffenthaller said many people do not care about the country and that is why they can allow it to look like a rubbish heap, “The only time they see themselves is when they biting concrete.

The majority of people. Or in handcuffs, or dead on the front page or your mother raped. I mean, really, how are we selling this country? “Get us back to understand who we are. We don’t know who we are.” Dieffenthaller said FILMCO is not asking for handouts but for investment.

FILMCO will have their first meet and greet on May 5.

For most political animals, the attainment of high office was probably their ultimate aim all along, so if, having achieved it, they are expected to fade away quietly, leaving the country in the hands of fresh, probably younger, people, it is par for the course.

As we have seen recently, though, there is a logical career move which involves some of the skills they have acquired: the diplomatic service. Former Chief Secretary of the Tobago House of Assembly, Orville London, now has another high-profile job with an equally long title; he is High Commissioner of Trinidad and Tobago to the United Kingdom. So he will still need the extra-wide business cards.

And it’s not just the old political warrior chief with the distinctive hair who is making the switch; his former deputy, Tracy Davidson- Celestine, is bound for Costa Rica to become this country’s ambassador there.

Anyone who has ever met an ambassador will tell you they possess a particular combination of qualities. By definition, a diplomat is expected to be diplomatic, but that doesn’t mean being a pushover.

They are there to present a suitable image for their people, but that doesn’t simply involve smiling and agreeing with everything.

They have a job to do, and that is to uphold the rights of their citizens.

It’s a role that should suit Ms Davidson-Celestine very well.

Anyone taking a quick glance at a photograph will see a sharply- dressed, good looking woman, but there is a steely glint in her eyes that warns you there is a keen brain and a determination behind the attractive facade. An ambassador is and should be addressed as Her Excellency.

Similarly, we now have His Excellency Orville London – because a High Commissioner is an ambassador by another name.

As these two prominent Tobagonians – who will spend half their lives explaining that there is more to TT than Trinidad – have proper jobs to do, they will not, presumably, be going down the route favoured by retired political leaders of certain countries, for whom the making of speeches provides a handsome living. Tony Blair, for instance, has been raking it in since handing over the British Labour Party reins to his old friend Gordon Brown.

No doubt his lucrative new line made it slightly easier to bear watching the party going down the drain. It is reported now that Blair is considering a return to the political arena, where he must see himself as a more appealing figure than the well-meaning but doomed Jeremy Corbyn. Blair will be thinking he would have blown Theresa May out of the water long ago. But he will be thinking it in the comfort of a luxury hotel somewhere abroad, rolling a large Hennessey XO around in a huge brandy glass.

London and Davidson-Celestine, on the other hand, will have real work to do, including the boosting of tourism. Both recently met with officials from the Ministry of Tourism for what was rather quaintly reported in this newspaper as “to sensitise and equip this country’s overseas representatives with information that would assist them in promoting destination Trinidad and Tobago in their assigned countries.” That should be like falling off a log for young Tracy, a veteran of promotional jaunts on behalf of Tobago.

Their new calling, though, is in stark contrast to the activities of former US presidents, who seem to sit back, become gaunt and unhealthy-looking and keep their views to themselves until called upon to assist with some cheerleading in a future presidential campaign.

Is it, I wonder, actually a relief to climb out of the driving seat and toss the keys to a successor? The role of senior politician – or perhaps any politician – is a thankless task in which one’s every thought and utterance is jumped on by the opposition. For every adoring acolyte stroking them like a cat there is a hooligan at the garden gate, throwing garbage on the lawn and scratching abuse on the car.

So enjoy it, Orville and Tracy.

Show them what Trinidad and Tobago is made of. Stick up for us and, while you’re making your point, give the local people directions to the airport so they can come to the Caribbean and see for themselves. Quite seriously, an embassy can make a huge difference to the public perception of a country.

As for the tourism “product” they will find when they arrive, that is now someone else’s responsibility.

All you can do is hope the new generation is not all talk and promises.

Development in this context is a process of social change, grounded in people’s connectedness with one another and with nature. We better understand it by drawing on perspectives from a wider range of disciplines than economics; especially biology, psychology and sociology, Our country has made unprecedented strides in education and health and, particularly, in improving the material well-being of its citizens.

Yet, people are increasingly disillusioned and restive, hope and promise giving way to alienation.

Frustrated by the time taken for our much vaunted democracy to realise its true potential, we seem not to appreciate that aspirations are fulfilled and sustainable progress achieved “… when changes are made simultaneously in the economic, socio-political and cultural spheres …” And that sustainability is founded on wise use of our natural resources.

Our democracy is built on institutions intended to protect and empower citizens. But, more than a “common good of humanity,” democracy must be experienced as a dynamic instrument of development. People must be kept well informed and constructively engaged in the decision-making processes affecting their lives.

In this regard, free and fair elections while necessary are not sufficient. Beyond elections, robust mechanisms must be established to embed continuous, meaningful citizen participation in the deliberations and actions concerning public policy, institutional performance and effective delivery of public goods and services.

For public policy is everybody’s business, not the preserve of politicians. Committed action on these are vital for the health of our democracy and to ease feelings of discontent.

An informed citizenry, influential civil society and independent media are indispensable factors for this purpose.

Indeed, information and communication are critical triggers of popular interest and engagement.

They help us reflect on: Who defines the national interest? How are issues and messages about the national interest framed? What exactly is communicated to the public about the national policy agenda? Are arguments evidence-based or personality-determined? Does the political narrative engender or discourage public engagement? The media have a responsibility to candidly interpret the challenges confronting our society. They must not be seduced or intimidated by the rhetoric or posturing of politicians, of whatever ilk, whose instincts to remain in power often dominate all else.

Civil society, meanwhile, must be vigilant watchdogs over both politicians and media.

It must unearth the hidden agendas, underlying stories and evidence often lost in the pretence, and noise, of public debate.

Free and fair elections are imperative for consolidating our democracy. But they are not sufficient to guarantee that elected politicians will be responsive to the people. An active citizenry, enabled by durable participatory governance arrangements, and a public sector, imbued with a sense of professionalism, purpose, direction and accountability for performance, are essential elements of the solution required to resolve these problems.

WINSTON R RUDDER Petit Valley

Number two seed Marcelle fell to the talented youngster Renales 21-19, 21-9.

Renales, the Trinidad and Tobago Badminton Association nominee for Sportswoman of the Year 2016, was scheduled to face Solangel Guzman in the final yesterday.

Guzman’s superiority was on show as she swept past Leanna Castanada 21-6, 21-2. The number one seed, who has dominated women’s badminton for the best part of a decade, is a formidable tactician who has won many local as well as regional titles.

Alistair Espinoza defeated fellow veteran Roger Moore, to set up a showdown with his nemesis Will Lee in the men’s singles final.

In the other semi-final, Lee had stiffer competition from his longtime time rival Naim Mohammed, before winning the match 22-20, 21-14. Espinoza and Lee both play for the Shuttleforce club located in Sangre Grande and know each other’s game well.

In the men’s doubles semi-finals, Espinoza and Lee defeated Hayden Bishop and Jason Ramjass 21-9, 21-13.

The pair will meet Mohammed and Sheraz Nabbie, who got past the Sinanan brothers Renaldo and Travis 21-19, 21- 16.

The women’s doubles final will pit the number one seeds Guzman and Renales against Castanada and Latoya Walrond.

Guzman and Renales got past the Mollah sisters Faith and Kelly 21-8, 21- 3, while Castanada and Walrond beat the number two seeds Marcelle and Stephanie Mitchell 21-16, 21-10.

The master’s round robin title was also decided yesterday.

Many of the players will be on show when the Caribbean Regional Badminton Confederation (CAREBACO) Championships are held in TT from August 10-25 at the National Racquet Centre in Tacarigua.

Speaking on the removal and destruction of several wooden sculptors by artist Damian Agostini from around the Queen’s Park Savannah in Port-of-Spain, artist Gail Pantin said while she believes art is important, nothing lasts forever.

She pointed out that historical art pieces were being destroyed in all over the world, either deliberately or accidentally, and advised Agostini not be a victim but to continue to work, and do even more. The focus, she said, should be the disrespect of the Port-of-Spain City Corporation and its municipal police by dumping and destroying his work. She told Sunday Newsday there were vagrants and garbage around the savannah but the police did not remove those, nor did they clean up any other part of the savannah.

Pantin said she personally paints and sketches every day, and knows other artist who do the same, whether or not they had an exhibit. Therefore, they had a lot of work on hand. What artist needed, she continued, was a place to showcase their work as art galleries were too expensive for many, even if they could get their work into a gallery.

She suggested a space in the savannah, possibly on the paved area opposite Memorial Park, where tents could be erected once a month. There, artists and craftsmen could book a spot in advance for a small fee and showcase their work.

Artist Ozy Merrique had a similar suggestion of a space where, once a week, artists could get together and support each other. He said at the moment, artists were showing support for Agostini as well as sending a message that artists were not pleased with the kind of policies and enforcement that would end up with an artists work being thrown away.

The space, he said, should be one where artists could work on, display, and sell their pieces.

However he admitted, “The vending aspect may get out of hand when you have to decide who gets picked and where they would set up. Then it may turn out to be craft, of which there are enough spaces and opportunities, rather then fine art.” He said the priority of such a space should be more about contact with other artists and the general public rather than the sale of pieces. “It should be an opportunity for people to come to see the process, engage with artists, for artists to be more accessible. More than that it is about the authorities having sensitivity with respect to understanding how important art is.” This, he said, included the authorities revisiting the use of art in libraries and other public spaces, or museums that had the same art on display for years.

Diana Mahabir-Wyatt too believed a space could be found around the savannah or around Memorial Park where artists could be encouraged to hang their paintings. She said this could be done similar to Hyde Park in London where, on weekends, artists display their work during the day and remove them on evenings.

In this way, artists a chance to show their work as well as sell it.

“It would be an absolutely wonderful addition to the beauty of Port-of-Spain, the activities that are available for the public, and it would help people to learn about art,” she said.

“I would have thought that, if there is anybody in the Ministry of Culture or Tourism, that they could build on what their natural talents are as something that would attract tourists and also make Trinidad and Tobago’s creative production known all over the world.” Speaking of Agostini’s plight, Mahabir-Wyatt said she could not understand the mentality of anyone who would destroy “artistic work of merit”, whether they understood the art or not.

She added that tourist buses and tour guides used to stop to see Agostini’s sculptures just as they stop to view the local paintings displayed around the Queen’s Park Oval. She said tourists who saw his work appreciated it because they understood the architectural principles used to build the sculptures.

“This was not just a craft thing.

It was real artistry.”

NPSPA said the move would mean a shortened school day, allowing teachers to get home earlier, students to take part in extra curricular activities, and that it would help reduce indiscipline and injuries at school.

However, paediatrician Dr David Bratt told Sunday Newsday even adults need a break after sitting and concentrating for several hours. He said the break was not only to fuel the body, but also to relax the mind and burn off energy so that children could focus better.

He said not being able to run around, use up some of their energy, and burn off some calories has repercussions on the children’s future as well as for the country. “That (shortening the lunch break) has repercussions as far as obesity is concerned.

The probability is that if they do that, obesity would get worse and more obesity means more non-communicable diseases as adults – more diabetes, more high blood pressure, more heart attacks, more strokes. And already we know the government is spending $6 billion annually to take care of non-communicable diseases. This is pro-obesity.

There is no other way of putting it.” Bratt added that children needed to play as it made them happier and healthier in the long run.

He said it was how they learned to deal with life, to handle other people, solve problems, stand up for themselves, cooperate, and learned to take falls. “This is just as important as learning their ABCs. The education system has to be holistic, not only learning academics but they have to learn how to behave in society. You’re not going to learn that in the classroom.” Noting that one of NPSPA’s reasons for suggesting that the lunch break be reduced, was to lessen occupancies of bullying and violence, Bratt said bullying had always been a fact of life. In fact, he said “a certain amount of bullying is good” but stressed that there were teachers, family members, and others to help the victim deal with the problem.

“If you have a child who is being bullied you deal with it in the school. You do not have to deal with it at a national level by cutting down the amount of time children have out of the classroom.

They want to punish the children to try to solve a problem which is the responsibility as a teacher or as a principal to solve?” he asked.

Paediatrician Dr Beni Balkaran agreed that in general, more physical activity in children should be promoted. Therefore, he said, rather than reducing their lunch time by half hour, dedicated times for physical activity should be set.

In addition, he said the longer a person takes to eat, the healthier it was for them. However, he admitted that if a child wolfed down their food in ten minutes, no amount of extra time would make them slow down.

When it came to the rationale of less time equals less violence, Balkaran said it was “common sense” that reducing the lunch hour would not reduce incidences of bullying and violence and here was no evidence to support that view.

“There has to be a better reason for reducing the length of their lunch time. Children’s attention spans are not very long so they need a break between the morning and afternoon sessions,” he said.

Clinical psychologist, Lena Jogie, went so far as to call the move “counterproductive.” She recalled a study in Finland where the number of breaks the students received throughout the day was increased. It was found that the children’s attention span increased, there was less fidgeting, and they were able to focus and learn more.

“I do assessments and one of the things we request for some kids is that they get longer breaks, or short breaks in between their schoolwork. When they take a break from the work that could be difficult for them, they are able to come back and focus on the work. So I would say if they want to reduce the time for lunch, they should actually increase the number of breaks.” With respect to indiscipline and violence, she suggested that the breaks have structured activities instead of allowing the children to just run around. However, she said unstructured, free play was more beneficial for children as it had physical benefits and improved their social skills.

In addition, she said if school were to finish half-an-hour earlier, there was no guarantee the children would engage in extra- curricular activities at all. Instead they may just return home to an unhealthy environment.

“If the children have issues at home, you basically are telling the children to go home earlier to that situation. For the children to engage in extra curricular activities, the school would have to organise these activities and encourage the students to participate.”